Indigenous modes of learning in education: Developing alternative pedagogies in extended learning

KHADEEJA BATOOL, CENTRAL SCHOOL INTERNATIONAL, LAHORE, PAKISTAN Central School International (CSI) in Lahore, is a newly established, research-driven institution, launched in August 2023 to explore innovative responses to urgent educational challenges in Pakistan. A key concern was the deep learning and developmental gaps that emerged following COVID-19: not only cognitive delays but also striking disruptions in sensory development (Yu and Xu, 2023) – particularly in proprioception, interoception and the vestibular system, which are essential to students’ sense of balance, emotional regulation and physical grounding (Kolb and Kolb, 2018; Bergsteiner and Avery, 2014). While working in and out of schools in Lahore since the pandemic hit, the academic teams in three target schools observed alarming changes in the student bodies. Students appeared increasingly disoriented in both physical and sociological contexts. Many had limited awareness of their bodies and environments, a deta